Recent Advances in the Study of Terrestrial Planets Around Red Dwarfs

Recent advances in ground- and space-based observations have transformed our understanding of terrestrial planets around red dwarfs. High-precision photometry and radial-velocity measurements now enable the detection of Earth-sized planets within the habitable zone of nearby late-type stars. The TRAPPIST-1 system, with its seven temperate Earth-sized planets, has become a benchmark for studying the formation, evolution, and atmospheric properties of rocky worlds around the lowest-mass stars. JWST spectroscopy has opened a new era in atmospheric characterization, providing the first constraints on atmospheric loss, photochemistry, and surface conditions. These discoveries challenge previous paradigms regarding planetary habitability, notably highlighting the role of stellar activity and magnetic protection. I will present the latest results and future prospects, including the potential of current and upcoming facilities to detect and characterize the atmospheres of rocky planets orbiting red dwarfs.